ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore from December 2013 to May 2014
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study
Patient's demographic features and all the data were recorded on predesigned proforma and were analysed through SPSS version 16.0
Results: Out of 100 patients, 55 [55%] were male and 45 [45%] were female. Age range was 30-65 years with mean age of 48.4+9.3 years. Weight varied from 50-100 kg with mean weight of 68.2+8.5 kg. Prevalence of hypertension was 30%. Hypertension was more prevalence in elderly diabetics [53.3+7.8 years], in patients of longer duration of diabetic [7.66+2.84 years]
Retinopathy, ischemic heart disease [IHD] and neuropathy occurred frequently in diabetic hypertensive patients
Conclusion: Diabetic and hypertension are highly associated with each other
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study was aimed to identify the risk factors for decompensation of heart failure in patients with established left ventricular dysfunction
Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Sandeman provincial hospital, Quetta from 15[th] March till 14[th] September 2015
Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty patients of decompensated HF with established left ventricular dysfunction [Ejection Fraction <40 %] were included in the study. Information about factors for decompensation of HF was collected from patients through a proforma during their hospital admission
The data was analyzed on statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] version 16
Results: Out of 150 patients, 59 % had ischemic heart disease while 41 % had non-ischemic heart disease. Non-compliance with diet and/or drug therapy [56.7% and 37.3%, respectively], cardiac arrhythmias [34%], lack of follow-up [26.7%], and intake of medications precipitating heart failure [20%] were the most common risk factors for decompensation of heart failure. Among other significant risk factors were infections [11.3%], anemia [10.7%] and myocardial ischemia [10.7%]. Pregnancy [2.7%] and thyroid disorders [2.7%] were less common risk factors
Conclusion: Majority of the risk factors for decompensation of heart failure appear to be preventable, and should thus be avoided with a better and more comprehensive control of heart failure in these patients
ABSTRACT
Objective: To look into the causes of acute renal failure in this area so that preventive strategy can be designed
Study Design: Observational study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Medical Outdoors, District Teaching Hospitals, Ghazi Khan Medical College, DG Khan and Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir's from June 2013 to May 2014
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients of acute renal failure were included in the study
Results: There were 64 [64%] males and 36 [36%] females with ratio of 1.7:1. 60% patients in the younger age group and age range was 10-70 years. Nausea and vomiting were commonest symptoms in 92% of the patients while 88% patients were oliguric. All patients had tachycardia while 38% had volume over load. Blood urea was more than 100 mg/100 ml in 92% of patients. ARF because of pure medical reasons were seen in 48% of patients while surgical and pregnancy related problems were found in 26% each
Conclusion: Early referral, identification and treatment of pre-renal factor, good perinatal care and cautious therapeutic decisions can substantially bring down the incidence of acute renal failure
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the thyroid dysfunctions during treatment hepatitis C patients with Interferon and Ribavirin
Study Design: Observational / descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Teaching Hospital, Ghazi Khan Medical College, DG Khan from April 2015 to January 2016
Patients and Methods: Fifty patients of chronic HCV were enrolled
Results: Out of 50 treated patients 35 were female and 15 were male. Fifteen [15%] patients developed thyroid dysfunction and out of these 15 patients [11 female [73.3%] and 4 male [26.7%]].Ten [66.6%] out of 15 patients developed hypothyroidism and 5[33.3%] out of 15 patients developed hyperthyroidism. Seven [70%] out of 10 patients who developed hypothyroidism needed levothyroxine therapy. Two [40%] out of 5 patients who developed hyperthyroidism needed carbimazol therapy for their symptoms and disease control. All patients completed hepatitis C treatment with combined Peg-Interferon Alpha-2a and Ribavirin therapy
Conclusion: The involvement between thyroid dysfunction in hepatitis C individuals and management with IFN- alphaandRIBA